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Rabu, 06 April 2011

News item

indonesian Migrant Worker dies in Malaysia
An Indonesian migrant worker Munti Binti Bani has died on Monday after being hospitalized for several days due to alleged torture by her employees in Selangor, Malaysia.

Antara state news agency has reported that Munti had been treated at Tengku Ampuan Rahimah hospital since last Tuesday and died on Monday at 10 a.m, local time. Munti was found unconscious with her hands and feet were tied in a bathroom in Taman Sentosa housing complex last Tuesday. She was suffering from major wounds on her body and had apparently been beaten with iron.

Munti's body will be sent tomorrow to her hometown in Pondok Jeruk Barat village of Jombang, East Java after undergoing autopsy at the hospital. “We express our deep condolences as there is yet another worker who was tortured and passed away at the hospital,” Indonesia's Ambassador for Malaysia, Da'i Bachtiar said in Kuala Lumpur on Monday. “The Embassy will arrange for all compensation, including insurance, she deserves to receive,” Da'i said.

He added that Munti's employees Vanitha and Murugan had been detained and were undergoing questioning at the local police office. “We hope the police can uphold justice and punish them should they be proven to be involved in the case,” he said.


Tombs with Mummy Found in Egypt

CAIRO – Archaeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of which hold an ornately painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside, Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities said Sunday.
The oldest tombs date back to around 2750 B.C., during the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties, the council said in a statement.Twelve of the tombs belong the 18th Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the second millennium B.C. The 18th Dynasty includes such well-known pharaohs as Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Queen Hatshepsut.
The discovery throws new light on Egypt’s ancient religions, the council said.


Newsworthy event; the news of finding of tombs with mummy in Egypt
Background; the tombs has the oldest date around 2750 B.C. It was the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties.
Source; the council said that the finding of the tombs threw new light on Egypt’s ancient religions

Taufik Hidayat Quiting National Badminton Team

After 13 years of service, which culminated in an Olympic gold medal, shuttler Taufik Hidayat announced Friday his resignation from the national training camp in Jakarta.
“My decision to resign is final. It’s not an impulse or emotional decision. I’ve been thinking about quitting the national team since 2004, after I won at the Athens Olympics,” he said. “However, people kept on encouraging me to stay in the national team, considering my potential and my youth. Therefore I stayed until 2008.”
In 2001, Taufik threatened to quit the training camp because of Mulyo’s exclusion. Mulyo is his mentor. He only rejoined the national team after the PBSI agreed to reinstate Mulyo. In 2004, Taufik made yet another threat to quit, and again backed down from it.
“It’s time for younger players to take the baton. I’m giving way to them. It’s all about regeneration in Indonesian badminton,” he said.

descriptive

What am I?

I inhabit a small area in south-western Western Australia. My species was quite widespread in Australia before European settlement but now we are endangered.

I prefer areas of open woodland. I forage for my food in the mornings and afternoons. At night I sleep in hollow logs or under fallen timber.

My body is about 25 centimeters long. My bushy tail is nearly as long as my body. I am covered in a reddish-brown coat with white stripes. My front legs are shorter then my back legs and I have small claws.

My ears are short but my snout is long I have a very long, sticky tongue for eating termites I can eat over 10000 termites in one day.
I am a marsupial mammal. What animal am I?

JATIMPARK

For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.

Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.

Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.

The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc

Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.

CLEOPRATA

One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became queen of Egypt in 51 B.C. at the age of eighteen. She was a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. When she was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years later she met Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by suicide in 30 B.C.

Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her breathtaking beauty but also for her great intellect. She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes. Her skin was in fact an olive shade, darker than Hollywood actress Liz Taylor who potrayed her in the film 'Cleopatra' in 1963. She had medium dark brown hair, about to the middle of her shoulder blades. She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous woman.

Cleopatra was a woman of remarkable poise and unusual intelligence. She was highly educated. She spoke proficiently in nine languages and also skilled in mathematics. She is often considered to be a stunning seductress though she was studying to be a nun. Cleopatra was a very intelligent queen and a politician with a great charisma.

narrative

The Old Woman and The Sparrow

Once upon a time, there lived a kind hearted man and his wife. One morning, his wife found a poor little sparrow. She took it gently and fed it. To show its gratitude, the sparrow stayed with them and sang every morning. But there was an ill-tempered old woman who didn't like the sparrow. She cut the sparrow's tongue. That's why the bird flew away to its previous nest.

Knowing that their sparrow flew away, the kind man and his wife looked for the sparrow. They walked a long way, crossed the bridges, climbed the mountains and passed the woods.

At last, they could find the sparrow's nest. The sparrow welcomed them and provided a feast for them. Before they went home, the sparrow brought two baskets; one was large and looked heavy, and the other one was small and light. The sparrow asked them to choose only one. They chose the small and that was the best choice. There were many rolls of silk and piles of gold in it.

Being jealous, the ill-tempered old woman did the same thing as the kind man and his wife did. She chose the big basket which actually contained wasps and venomous crawlers, such as scorpions, centipedes, and other horrible creatures. Finally, aaathey stung and bit her to death.

Silent Love

Once, there was a couple who love very much each other. From the very Begining, the girl's family objected strongly on her dating this guy. Saying that it has got to do with family background & that the girl will have to suffer for the rest of her life if she were to be with him.


Due to family's pressure, the couple quarrel very often. Though the girl love the guy deeply, but she always ask him: "How deep is your love for me?"

As the guy is not good with his words, this often cause the girl to be very upset. With that & the family's pressure, the girl often vent her anger on him. As for him, he only endure it in silence.

After a couple of years, the guy finally graduated & decided to further his studies in overseas. Before leaving, he proposed to the girl: "I'm not very good with words. But all I know is that I love you. If you allow me, I will take care of you for the rest of my life. As for your family, I'll try my best to talk them round. Will you marry me?"

The girl agreed, & with the guy's determination, the family finally gave in & agreed to let them get married. So before he leave, they got engaged.

The girl went out to the working society, whereas the guy was overseas, continuing his studies. They sent their love through emails & phone calls. Though it's hard, but both never thought of giving up.

One day, while the girl was on her way to work, she was knocked down by a car that lost control. When she woke up, she saw her parents beside her bed. She realised that she was badly injured. Seeing her mum crying, she wanted to comfort her. But she realized that all that could come out of her mouth was just a sigh. She has lost her voice......

The doctors says that the impact on her brain has caused her to lose her voice. Listening to her parents' comfort, but with nothing coming out from her, she broke down.

During the stay in hospital, besides silence cry,.....it's still just silence cry that companied her. Upon reaching home, everything seems to be the same. Except for the ringing tone of the phone. Which pierced into her heart everytime it rang. She does not wish to let the guy know. & not wanting to be a burden to him, she wrote a letter to him saying that she does not wish to wait any longer.

With that, she sent the ring back to him. In return, the guy sent millions & millions of reply, and countless of phonecalls,.. all the girl could do, besides crying, is still crying....

The parents decided to move away, hoping that she could eventually forget everything & be happy.

With a new environment, the girl learn sign language & started a new life. Telling herself everyday that she must forget the guy. One day, her friend came & told her that he's back. She asked her friend not to let him know what happened to her. Since then, there wasn't anymore news of him.

A year has passed & her friend came with an envelope, containing an invitation card for the guy's wedding. The girl was shattered. When she open the letter, she saw her name in it instead.

When she was about to ask her friend what's going on, she saw the guy standing in front of her. He used sign language telling her "I've spent a year's time to learn sign language. Just to let you know that I've not forgotten our promise. Let me have the chance to be your voice. I Love You. With that, he slipped the ring back into her finger. The girl finally smiled.


Three Fish

Once three fish lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fish. ‘This pond is full of fish’, they told each other excitedly. ‘we have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!’ So saying, the fishermen left.

When the eldest of the three fish heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fish together and said, ‘Did you hear what the fishermen said? W must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!’ The second of the three fish agreed. ‘You are right’, he said. ‘We must leave the pond.’

But the youngest fish laughed. ‘You are worrying without reason’, he said. ‘We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere – my luck will keep me safe’.

The eldest of the fish left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.

The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish’s luck did not help him – he was caught and killed.

descriptive

What am I?

I inhabit a small area in south-western Western Australia. My species was quite widespread in Australia before European settlement but now we are endangered.

I prefer areas of open woodland. I forage for my food in the mornings and afternoons. At night I sleep in hollow logs or under fallen timber.

My body is about 25 centimeters long. My bushy tail is nearly as long as my body. I am covered in a reddish-brown coat with white stripes. My front legs are shorter then my back legs and I have small claws.

My ears are short but my snout is long I have a very long, sticky tongue for eating termites I can eat over 10000 termites in one day.
I am a marsupial mammal. What animal am I?

JATIMPARK

For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.

Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.

Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.

The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc

Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.

CLEOPRATA

One of the most famous women in world history was Cleopatra VII. She was the brilliant and beautiful last Pharaoh of Egypt. Historically, she became queen of Egypt in 51 B.C. at the age of eighteen. She was a Ptolemy, descended from one of Alexander the Great's generals. When she was twenty-one, Julius Caesar became her lover. Seven years later she met Antony. The romantic tragic relationship continued until they died by suicide in 30 B.C.

Cleopatra was legendary. She was famous not only for her breathtaking beauty but also for her great intellect. She had brown eyes and they were shaped like cat eyes. Her skin was in fact an olive shade, darker than Hollywood actress Liz Taylor who potrayed her in the film 'Cleopatra' in 1963. She had medium dark brown hair, about to the middle of her shoulder blades. She had a reputation as an extraordinarily sensuous woman.

Cleopatra was a woman of remarkable poise and unusual intelligence. She was highly educated. She spoke proficiently in nine languages and also skilled in mathematics. She is often considered to be a stunning seductress though she was studying to be a nun. Cleopatra was a very intelligent queen and a politician with a great charisma.

news item

ndonesian Migrant Worker dies in Malaysia
An Indonesian migrant worker Munti Binti Bani has died on Monday after being hospitalized for several days due to alleged torture by her employees in Selangor, Malaysia.

Antara state news agency has reported that Munti had been treated at Tengku Ampuan Rahimah hospital since last Tuesday and died on Monday at 10 a.m, local time. Munti was found unconscious with her hands and feet were tied in a bathroom in Taman Sentosa housing complex last Tuesday. She was suffering from major wounds on her body and had apparently been beaten with iron.

Munti's body will be sent tomorrow to her hometown in Pondok Jeruk Barat village of Jombang, East Java after undergoing autopsy at the hospital. “We express our deep condolences as there is yet another worker who was tortured and passed away at the hospital,” Indonesia's Ambassador for Malaysia, Da'i Bachtiar said in Kuala Lumpur on Monday. “The Embassy will arrange for all compensation, including insurance, she deserves to receive,” Da'i said.

He added that Munti's employees Vanitha and Murugan had been detained and were undergoing questioning at the local police office. “We hope the police can uphold justice and punish them should they be proven to be involved in the case,” he said.


Tombs with Mummy Found in Egypt

CAIRO – Archaeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of which hold an ornately painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside, Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities said Sunday.
The oldest tombs date back to around 2750 B.C., during the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties, the council said in a statement.Twelve of the tombs belong the 18th Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the second millennium B.C. The 18th Dynasty includes such well-known pharaohs as Tutankhamun, Akhenaten and Queen Hatshepsut.
The discovery throws new light on Egypt’s ancient religions, the council said.


Newsworthy event; the news of finding of tombs with mummy in Egypt
Background; the tombs has the oldest date around 2750 B.C. It was the period of Egypt’s first and second dynasties.
Source; the council said that the finding of the tombs threw new light on Egypt’s ancient religions

Taufik Hidayat Quiting National Badminton Team

After 13 years of service, which culminated in an Olympic gold medal, shuttler Taufik Hidayat announced Friday his resignation from the national training camp in Jakarta.
“My decision to resign is final. It’s not an impulse or emotional decision. I’ve been thinking about quitting the national team since 2004, after I won at the Athens Olympics,” he said. “However, people kept on encouraging me to stay in the national team, considering my potential and my youth. Therefore I stayed until 2008.”
In 2001, Taufik threatened to quit the training camp because of Mulyo’s exclusion. Mulyo is his mentor. He only rejoined the national team after the PBSI agreed to reinstate Mulyo. In 2004, Taufik made yet another threat to quit, and again backed down from it.
“It’s time for younger players to take the baton. I’m giving way to them. It’s all about regeneration in Indonesian badminton,” he said.

Jumat, 01 April 2011

Bisnis Waralaba

“Waralaba”, Apa Keuntungannya?
Waralaba adalah sistem duplikasi kesuksesan bisnis dari franchisor yang notabene telah memiliki usaha yang terbukti sukses, memiliki merek yang cukup terkenal dan memiliki system duplikasi kesuksesan usaha (SOP) kepada entrepreneur (franchise) yang belum mengerti dan paham tentang bisnis. Pendek kata adanya franchise memudahkan orang untuk menjadi entrepreneur dan yang lebih dasyat lagi, tingkat keberhasilan usaha relatif lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan memulai usaha sendiri dari nol.

Waralaba merupakan sistem keterkaitan usaha vertikal antara pemilik paten yang menciptakan paket teknologi bisnis (franchisor) dengan penerima hak pengelolaan operasional bisnis (franchisee). Jadi sesungguhnya waralaba dapat dikatakan sebagai teknik menjual “Sukses” dari usaha yang sudah berhasil.

Bisnis waralaba dicirikan dengan adanya :

- Franchisor yang menawarkan paket usaha

- Franchisee yang memiliki unit usaha (outlet) yang memanfaatkan paket usaha milik franchisor

- Ada kerjasama antara franchisor dan franchisee dalam hal pengelolaan unit usah

- Ada kontak tertulis yang mengatur kerjasama

Hubungan kerjasama antara franchisor dan francisee merupakan aspek yang sangat kritikal dalam waralaba. Sukses keduanya tergantung kepada sinergi dari hubungan kedua belah pihak tersebut.

“Waralaba” apa keuntungannya? :

Berinvestasi dibisnis franchise (waralaba) dapat menjajikan keuntungan yang menggiurakan ketimbang menaruh uang di deposito, apalagi dengan kondisi bunga bank saat ini yang dibawah 2 digit.

Pesatnya pertumbuhan waralaba beberapa tahun terakhir dengan beragam produk dan rentang nilai investasi yang juga beragam, memberikan banyak pilihan kepada calon investor franchise untuk menamkan modal di bisnis yang cukup menarik ini.

Pemodal kecil, cukup dengan Rp. 3,5 sampai Rp. 6 juta sudah dapat menjalankan usaha waralaba, sebaliknya pemodal kuat, lumayan banyak pilihan usaha mulai dari Rp. 100 juta sampai dengan milyaran rupiah.

Indonesia merupakan lahan subur untuk mengembangkan bisnis waralaba selain karena potensi penduduk sangat besar dan beragam merupakan calon pembeli yang berlimpah. Sudah cukup banyak cerita sukses yang diperoleh para waralaba dipentas bisnis Indonesia.

Resiko kegagalan bisnis waralaba jauh lebih kecil dibanding bisnis lain seperti Distributor, Direct Sales Business (Penjualan Langsung) dan berbagai konsep bisnis lain. Risiko kegagalan pembeli waralaba adalah 5% – 15%, sedangkan pada bisnis biasa berada di angka lebih dari 60%.

Konsep bisnis waralaba (franchise) akhir-akhir ini telah menjadi salah satu trendsetter yang memberi warna baru dalam dinamika perekonomian Indonesia. Setidaknya dalam tiga tahun terakhir, animo masyarakat Indonesia terhadap munculnya peluang usaha waralaba sangat signifikan. Animo ini terefleksi pada dua cermin yakni : jumlah pembeli waralaba dan jumlah peluang usaha (business opportunity) yang terkonversi menjadi waralaba.

Keuntungan Waralaba di banding bisnis lain :

- Biasanya mempunyai produk yang unik, tidak mudah ditiru
- Mempunyai keunggulan dibandingkan dengan tipe usaha sejenis
- Mempunyai konsep usaha yang telah terbukti berhasil
- Produk/jasa yang terjamin
- Sudah mempunyai nama
- Adanya standarisasi dan pengoperasian yang jelas (SOP)
- Resiko kerugian yang rendah

Pemilik usaha yang ingin mewaralabakan usahanya untuk publik harus benar-benar membenahi sistem dulu sebelum berani menjual konsep bisnisnya ke publik.

Peluang Investasi Waralaba Snack Jagung

Satu lagi peluang usaha yang termasuk dalam BO (Bussiness Opportunity) ini mengkhususkan pada jenis makanan sehat serta rendah lemak, yaitu jagung.

Franchise Fresh Corn yang saat ini banyak terdapat di berbagai plaza, mall dan tempat-tempat strategis lainnya, masih menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk membangun sebuah usaha makanan yang cukup simple penanganannya.

David Basuki, sebagai pengelola bisnis Franchise Daily Fresh Corn Cup, menuturkan animo masyarakat terhadap makanan ringan jagung manis dalam gelas ini cukup besar. Ini terbukti dengan makin menjamurnya gerai yang menjual produk serupa di mal. Menurutnya, franchise jagung memang kurang laku jika dibuka di food court dan akan lebih berpotensi bila dibuka dekat tempat orang banyak lalu lalang karena lebih berupa cemilan, bukan makanan utama.

Sistem Pelayanan Daily Fresh Cup Corn seperti di mall – mall ini, dijual dengan harga antara Rp. 5.000 – 7.000, Produknya yaitu jagung di pocelin, lalu direbus, terus di display dalam steamer. Jika ada pembeli datang baru kita masukin ke cup dan diberi keju, susu, saos dll. Anak-anak dan ABG cewek paling doyan.

David mengatakan, pihaknya menawarkan waralaba kepada pengusaha kecil dan menengah yang ingin membuka outlet Daily Fresh Cup Corn, investasinya sebesar Rp 10 juta. Saat ini Daily Fresh Corn Cup ini sudah memiliki sekitar 200 outlet yang tersebar hampir diseluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Snack ini memiliki keunggulan selain mengenyangkan tetapi juga menyehatkan , snack yang dijual dalam bentuk cup gelas ukuran jumbo ini dihargai Rp. 6.000 . Animo masyarakat terhadap makanan ringan jagung manis dalam gelas ini cukup besar. Ini terbukti dengan makin menjamurnya gerai yang menjual produk serupa di mal.

“Sejak akhir 2002, kami sudah memakai jagung hasil panen petani plasma inti, dengan hasil 100 ton per bulan. Bibitnya didatangkan dari Amerika,” ujar David yang didampingi dokter Samuel Oetoro, ahli gizi dan nutrisi dari Klinik Nutrifit.

Gerai Snack Jagung atau Cup Corn yang memulai beroperasi di Indonesia semenjak tahun 1999 ini total menggunakan bahan baku jagung yang pada awalnya mengimpor jagung dari Malaysia sebagai salah satu Master BO terdekat dan dikarenakan belum tersedianya bahan baku di Indonesia, namun semenjak 2002 pihak manajemen mengambil kebijakan untuk menanam jagung tersebut di daerah Sukabumi, yang tentunya bibit import dan menggunakan teknik penanaman secara khusus dalam hal ini teknik plasma.

David mengatakan dalam survai yang dilakukannya terhadap gerainya, pembeli dari produk Snack Jagung dominan (80%) kalangan wanita, dan 60% dari mereka berusia 20-35 tahun.

Sementara itu, Samuel menuturkan perempuan yang tengah menjalani diet, tidak perlu takut memakan jagung manis karena produk ini kandungan seratnya tinggi, rendah lemak, dan bebas kolesterol. Sejumlah kandungan yang penting bagi tubuh, katanya, seperti vitamin A, C, B1, B9, karbohidrat kompleks, mineral ada dalam jagung.

“Jagung Daily Fresh tidak mengandung cairan yang tinggi, sehingga baik untuk diet,” ujar David dan menambahkan bahwa jagung yang ditanam di daerah pegunungan, juga mengandung antaging (mencegah penuaan).

Sebagai salah satu contoh adalah penuturan dari Agus Santosa, pemilik gerai Daily Fresh di Yogyakarta dan Solo. “Kini saya sudah punya tujuh gerai, enam di Yogyakarta dan satu di Solo,” ujar Agus bangga. Ketujuh gerainya kini bisa menjual minimal 1.000 kg jagung manis per bulan. Jika 1 kg jagung manis bisa dijual dalam 10 cups, tiap bulan Agus menjual 10.000 cups jagung manis. Dengan harga Rp 6.000 per cup, omzet Agus mencapai Rp 60 juta per bulan. Dan yang menarik lagi adalah usaha ini tidak memungut franchise fee dan royalty fee. Namun, tentunya mereka menetapkan berbagai ketentuan yang harus dipatuhi para agennya demi terjaganya brand image dan kualitas rasa makanan, semisal produk jagung yang digunakan haruslah sesuai dengan syarat yang diajukan oleh perusahaan jika melanggar izin usaha akan dicabut sampai waktu yang tidak ditentukan.

Info untuk menjadi agen antara lain:
Sistemnya beli putus dengan biaya sbb:
1. Biaya Rp 10,000,000,- ( termasuk freezer kapasitas 50kg jagung), belum termasuk jagungnya sendiri.
2. Jika tanpa freezer, Rp 8,000,000,- belum termasuk jagungnya.
3. Berhubungan terus dengan PT. Sarana Pangan Makmur ini dalam hal pembelian jagung serta peralatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penjualan seperti cup, tutup cup dan sendoknya.

Jika kita ingin memiliki usaha Snack Jagung Daily Fresh Cup Corn, kita dapat mengajukan applikasi via fax ke bagian marketing dengan mencantumkan nama, alamat, telpon, fax, copy KTP juga lokasi yg akan dipakai berjualan.Selanjutnya menunggu follow up dari mereka untuk masalah pembayaran dan kontrak. Sebagai calon investor, selain menyiapkan masalah dana, kita juga perlu menyiapkan tempat yang strategis serta 2 orang penjaga outlet.Analisa Bisnis
- Modal Awal : Rp. 10.000.000
(gerobak, steamer, freezer, banner, seragam, training)

- Pendapatan/bulan (rata-rata) : Rp. 13.500.000
75 cups/hari x Rp. 6.000 x 30 hari

- Biaya Operasional :
Jagung 200 kg @Rp. 22.500 : Rp. 6.750.000
Cup 2.000 buah @Rp. 500 : Rp. 1.500.000
Gaji 2 Karyawan @Rp. 550.000 : Rp. 1.100.000
Sewa Tempat : Rp. 1.500.000
Listrik + Keamanan : Rp. 1.000.000

Total Pengeluaran : Rp. 11.850.000

Laba Bersih : Rp. 1.650.000

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CARA MAIN VALAS adalah cara yang paling mudah untuk mendapatkan uang,apalagi sudah disediakan bonus modal awal berupa uang asli sebesar 5 Dollar.CARA MAIN VALAS akan cepat dan mudah anda pahami dengan membaca artikel ini dan langsung bisa anda praktekkan sambil Belajar VALAS.

Pernahkan anda menemukan cara bisnis yang gratis,bisnis paling cepat menghasilkan uang,dan bisnis tanpa keluar modal. Pasti jawabannya belum pernah ada .

Nah mulai sekarang anda akan ditunjukkan caranya yaitu dengan CARA MAIN VALAS Cara yang singkat meraup uang jaman sekarang adalah dengan Cara Main VALAS .Betul sekali belum ada cara yang lain selain dengan Bisnis VALAS ini.

Siapapun orangnya asal sudah kenal BISNIS VALAS pasti akan terus bermain VALAS, seperti ketagihan ,saya yakin sekali. Karena Bermain VALAS merupakan pekerjaan pribadi yang simpel yang hanya dimainkan online dari internet saja. Modal Bisnis VALAS tidak perlu anda pikirkan, bahkan anda dapat uang 5 DOLLAR GRATIS setelah selesai mendaftar VALAS yang bisa langsung buat modal bermain VALAS.

Dan enaknya uang itu langsung masuk ke account anda. Hebat kan ?... Buat orang seperti anda para pemburu bisnis pastilah bisnis main VALAS yang paling cocok, pasti enjoy banget BISNIS MAIN VALAS tanpa resiko ,daripada mencari kekayaan cepat lewat korupsi dengan sejuta resiko kena kurungan.

Lebih enaknya lagi bisnis dengan CARA MAIN VALAS itu tidak perlu punya ijazah yang penting modalnya cuma keseriusan saja. Itulah enaknya bisnis bermain VALAS.

Disini kami pandu anda :

CARA MENDAFTAR VALAS;bagaimana cara mendaftar VALAS yang paling cepat dan mendapatkan bonus modal 5 dollar

CARA BISNIS VALAS ONLINE;seperti apa sih cara bisnis VALAS online itu apakah saya boleh mencobanya

CARA DEPOSIT VALAS ( tambah modal );kalau sekiranya saya punya modal 1jt.Saya hendak menambah modal,bagaimana cara deposit VALAS itu.

CARA WITHDRAW ( mengambil untung ) ;kalau sudah banyak untung,gimana cara withdraw atau menarik keuntungannya .

BELAJAR MAIN VALAS;saya belum punya modal yang besar sekarang,apakah saya bisa memulai belajar main VALAS sekarang.

Jangan khawatir kami berikan TUTORIAL BISNIS VALAS serta CARA MAIN VALAS ini secara sengaja agar masyarakat Indonesia mempunyai Ilmu Bisnis,setidaknya pernah mencoba berkecimpung dalam dunia bisnis VALAS.Kami tidak memungut biaya untuk BELAJAR MAIN VALAS bahkan sudah disediakan modal untuk BELAJAR VALAS.

Semuanya diuraikan dengan simpel , lengkap dan detail ,karena hanya mendaftar saja anda mendapat uang asli dari pengelola sebesar $5 ( sekitar Rp.50.000,- ) untuk modal awal bermain VALAS secara langsung supaya VALAS menjadi mata pencaharian anda.



Inilah langkah MENDAFTAR VALAS :

1. Klik Banner dibawah ini :



2. Klik pada Open Account

3. Isi semua yang bertanda bintang (*)

4.Username: pilih dengan nama atau panggilan yang unik dan memotivasi Contoh : bossvalas77

5. Password di isi minimal 8 karakter, kombinasikan dengan angka. Contoh : bmwmerah2000

6. Frist Name: nama depan sesuai KTP atau SIM.

7. Midle Initial: inisial nama tengah jika punya.

8. Last Name: nama akhir anda.

9. Street Address: isi alamat anda sesuai dengan ID ( KTP atau SIM ).

10. City: nama kota sesuai ID.

11. ZIP/Postal Code: Kode pos

12. State: propinsi yang ditempati sekarang

13. Country: Pilih Indonesia.

14. Phone: masukkan no telp rumah atau HP yang masih aktif.

15. E-mail: isi alamat email yang masih aktif dan sering digunakan, karena tiap konfirmasi dan pemberitahuan akan dikirim ke alamat E-mail yang diisi sekarang.

16. Setelah selesai mengisi form nya, klik “Continue”. dan isi form kedua

17. Pada form kedua, pilih Standard Forex Trader.

18. Untuk “Recovery Question” dan “Recovery Answer” silakan diisi sesuai dengan yang mudah diingat dan sukai, karena ini akan ditanyakan bila lupa password MARKETIVA.misalnya: What is your pet's name ( apa nama hewan peliharaan anda) .Anda isi kelinci,kucing atau sapi.

19. Klik “Next” untuk melanjutkan ke lembar perjanjian dan pengesahan dengan MARKETIVA.

20. Pada halaman ini, merupakan prosedural dari perusahaan pialang terhadap Investornya. Merupakan suatu kewajiban perusahaan untuk memberitahukan segala yang ada dalam perdagangan mata uang asing sehingga Investor tidak merasa dirugikan. Kemudian pada stetment selanjutnya, dari pihak Investor sendiri bahwa Investor telah mengerti atas semua perjanjian yang telah dibuat dengan pihak MARKETIVA. dalam bahasa Inggris: I have read, understood, and agree with the Service Agreement under which Marketiva Corporation provides it services and products. I have also read and understood the Risk Disclosure statement and I am willing and able to assume such risks.Silahkan anda beri ceklis sebagai simbol bahwa anda telah setuju dengan perjanjian yang ada.

21. Klik “Finish” proses sudah selesai.

SILAHKAN ANDA CEK E-MAIL

Ada E-mail masuk dari Marketiva Support silahkan buka dan Klik pada https/::www.marketiva.com/index.ncre?page=identifikation isikan perintahnya.

22.kemudian setelah itu akan di direct menuju ke lembar “Get Streamster” untuk mendownload software dari MARKETIVA.

UNTUK DOWNLOAD SILAHKAN DISINI

23. Klik “Streamster TM Instalation Package”, setelah itu silakan install pada komputer.

Proses sudah selesai dan bisa trading sekarang,jangan lupa catat semua data pada buku khusus bisnis.

Untuk menyempurnakan Trading lakukan verifikasi data segera (scan KTP/SIM ) Anda bisa meminta jasa Scan KTP/SIM dengan cara membawa USB atau Flash Dish beserta KTP/SIM asli ke tempat Scan biasanya di Warnet,Wartel atau Tempat FotoCopy,kemudian simpan scan dalam USB dalam bentuk gambar ukuran maksimal 100Kb (Discan bolak-balik). Dari Gambar tersebut anda Upload ke Marketiva, caranya seperti berikut ini:

UNTUK VERIFIKASI DATA SILAHKAN DISINI




CARA VERIFIKASI DATA diri :

1. Scan KTP atau SIM depan belakang dengan masing-masing ukuran maksimal 100kb saja

2. Klik link marketiva

3. Setelah klik link di atas akan diminta username dan password terlebih dahulu. Masukkan username dan password yang telah dibuat tadi, kemudian klik “Login"

4. Masukan hasil scan KTP atau SIM bagian depan dan belakang pada masing-masing kolom tsb dengan klik pada browse.

5. Setelah selesai browse klik upload dan tunggu 2 menit sampai hasil upload sukses.

6. Tutup program marketiva Sebentar kemudian buka kembali

7. Buka program Streamster yang telah diinstall tadi dan isikan username & password .

Sekarang Pendaftaran Anda Sudah Selesai selamat!

Anda bisa juga memperoleh info Cara Main VALAS dari room chatt di Marketiva melalui tanya jawab langsung dengan Support Marketiva meskipun dengan bahasa Indonesia. Setelah login di Account Marketiva masuklah ke room chat international dan indonesia, caranya klik tombol groups di bagian atas jendela streamster, pilih daftar room yang ada layaknya chatting, pilih international dan indonesia, klik OK, maka otomatis masuk room international dan indonesia. Untuk mulai bertransaksi, klik saja buy untuk beli dan sell untuk jual sambil diskusi bersama support atau bertanya dan belajar main forex/VALAS kepada support personel dari Marketiva menggunakan bahasa indonesia, boleh di room international maupun di room indonesia. Support personel adalah orang atau pemandu dengan nick yang ada huruf ‘ i ‘ (information) di depan nicknya, mereka akan dengan senang hati langsung membantu Anda memahami cara-cara bertransaksi di Marketiva sampai mahir seperti layaknya chatting. Bertanyalah dengan bahasa yang baik sopan pasti diberikan ilmu paling berharga.


Berapa MODAL BERMAIN VALAS ?

Silahkan bermain VALAS dengan kemampuan anda sendiri , memang kalau mau untung besar modalnya sebaiknya lebih besar. Kami tidak memaksa karena dari uang gratisan saja bisa bermain VALAS. Kalau sudah serius silahkan tambah modal dengan deposit agar hasilnya lebih besar juga dan terasa duitnya. cara deposit bisa dipelajari di halaman berikutnya.

Demikian Cara Main VALAS selanjutnya bermainlah dengan benar dan menggunakan aturan.Mudah-mudahan informasi ini bermanfaat untuk anda.

Selamat bertrading .

contoh PRAKTEK MAIN VALASklik disini



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Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy (in the USA), radiation oncology, or radiotherapy (in the UK, Canada and Australia), sometimes abbreviated to XRT, is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with
radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis).
Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant treatment. It is used as palliative treatment (where cure is not possible and the aim is for local disease control or symptomatic relief) or as therapeutic treatment (where the therapy has survival benefit and it can be curative). Total body irradiation (TBI) is a radiotherapy technique used to prepare the body to receive a bone marrow transplant. Radiotherapy has several applications in non-malignant conditions, such as the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, severe thyroid eye disease, pterygium, pigmented villonodular synovitis, prevention of keloid scar growth, and prevention of heterotopic ossification. The use of radiotherapy in non-malignant conditions is limited partly by worries about the risk of radiation-induced cancers.
Radiotherapy is used for the treatment of malignant cancer, and may be used as a primary or adjuvant modality. It is also common to combine radiotherapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, Immunotherapy or some mixture of the four. Most common cancer types can be treated with radiotherapy in some way. The precise treatment intent (curative, adjuvant, neoadjuvant, therapeutic, or palliative) will depend on the tumor type, location, and stage, as well as the general health of the patient.
Radiation therapy is commonly applied to the cancerous tumor. The radiation fields may also include the draining lymph nodes if they are clinically or radiologically involved with tumor, or if there is thought to be a risk of subclinical malignant spread. It is necessary to include a margin of normal tissue around the tumor to allow for uncertainties in daily set-up and internal tumor motion. These uncertainties can be caused by internal movement (for example, respiration and bladder filling) and movement of external skin marks relative to the tumor position.
To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through in order to treat the tumor), shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding, healthy tissue.
Brachytherapy, in which a radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment, is another form of radiation therapy that minimizes exposure to healthy tissue during procedures to treat cancers of the breast, prostate and other orga

what is cancer??

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion that intrudes upon and destroys adjacent tissues, and sometimes metastasis, or spreading to other locations in the body via lymph or blood. These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which do not invade or metastasize.
Researchers divide the causes of cancer into two groups: those with an environmental cause and those with a hereditary genetic cause. Cancer is primarily an environmental disease, though genetics influence the risk of some cancers. Common environmental factors leading to cancer include: tobacco, diet and obesity, infections, radiation, lack of physical activity, and environmental pollutants. These environmental factors cause or enhance abnormalities in the genetic material of cells. Cell reproduction is an extremely complex process that is normally tightly regulated by several classes of genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Hereditary or acquired abnormalities in these regulatory genes can lead to the development of cancer. A small percentage of cancers, approximately five to ten percent, are entirely hereditary.
The presence of cancer can be suspected on the basis of symptoms, or findings on radiology. Definitive diagnosis of cancer, however, requires the microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen. Most cancers can be treated. Possible treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. The prognosis is influenced by the type of cancer and the extent of disease. While cancer can affect people of all ages, and a few types of cancer are more common in children, the overall risk of developing cancer increases with age. In 2007 cancer caused about 13% of all human deaths worldwide (7.9 million). Rates are rising as more people live to an old age and lifestyles change in the developing world.

you are my best friend

It is just us until the very end.
Lovers will come and go, but in the end it is just us.
It starts out with us and it ends with just us.

They may try as they will, but they can never take us away from each other.

No one will ever know just how very much you mean to me. They see the outside of us, but we know the inside. It is just us until the very end of time.

Discussion

Birth Control

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. But individuals and groups–especially religious groups–differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.

Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.

Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.

Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage–conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.


Convenience or Care?

When something issued by someone, we say it has been consumed. We as consumers use many things, both natural and processed. We consume more of the Earth’s resources than other animals do and, as a result, we cause problems for the environment.

Like all animals, we need clean air and water, food and shelter for survival. Unlike other animals, however, we have certain “want”. These are items that are not necessary for our survival, but that we want because they make our lives easier or more enjoyable.

Environments claims that a great deal of waste is created by both the production and the consumption of these items or product. Disposable products, such a pens, take away food containers, plates, shavers and cutlery, are made using the Earth’s resources. When these products are thrown away, the resources are lost.

Another example of waste is the unnecessary packaging on many products. The material is often not recycled and used again.

Throwing thing away also increases pollution. The amount of disposable plastic litter that ends up in waterways is a serious problem. When this waste reaches the oceans, it can kill marine life.

Industrialist counter these arguments with their own point of view. They claim that consumer’s expect to be able to purchase food which is attractively presented, prepackaged to extent its life and easy to store. In a busy society, convenience is a priority. Products which make life easier, era in demand. Industrialist argue that they cater to this perceived need.

Packaging is also big business and provides jobs for many people who might otherwise be unemployed and a burden to society.

Environmentalist declare that for thousands of year, people survived perfectly well with re-usable products. However, people of the twenty-first century have become used to wing in a ‘thrown-away’ society. It is up to each one of us to dispose of waste products carefully, recycle as much as possible and to reduce the stress on our environment. Think when buying pre-packaged goods and consider whether the same products can be bought without the extra wrappings. Let’s make the best of what we have.


Hacking: Pro and Contra?

Do you know what a hacker is? Well, a hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems on computers and they like to stretch the capability of the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in the computers are called ‘hacking’.

So, what’s the problem with ‘hacking and its hackers’? Well, the problem is whether ‘hacking and its hackers’ is legal or illegal? What I mean is that people in the world have many different views about hacking and the hackers. Some of them take sides, but many object.

To get back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hacker, shall we? Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal, I believe that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to know and try the systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they can find the weaknesses. So I don’t really see the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers sometimes help the police catch the ‘white collar criminals’, such as bank robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. For example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who made ‘Virus Love’ to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.

Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a crime. The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and other vital institutions where they can get money, destroy information, and the worst thing is they can get secret information and sell it to another country. This is a treachery.
Take for example, in 1994, The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of computer hackers out of Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for accessing and eliminating 190,000 telephone credit card numbers over computer bulletin boards in America and Europe. Seeing this fact, I don’t blame those who think negatively about hackers.
To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to get the wealth. That’s just the point.


Gift Card Bring Advantages and Disadvantages

Gift cards become more popular during recent years. For example, in one season of holiday, sales reach $19 billion in United Stated and seem to grow more in the following season due to their convenience in the side of consumers and retailers.

In retailers side, gift cards bring them some benefits. Selling gift card in simply selling product. When the cards are sold, they will get benefit. Additionally, gift card tends to be a matter of image and trend which means it is not strictly influenced by the functionality. Since gift card is the trend, the sales will increase significantly.

However, there is potential disadvantages in the side of consumers. For example, itune gift cards apply process in the way of completing the shopping. they need do one step to another steps in processing the shopping. Likely, most of the steps apply time and date of validity or expiration. When certain step loose that validating date, the gift cards may be in risk. The gift card can be rejected to redeem. Again, in retailers side, producing card its self is costly. It means that there is additional cost which retailers have to pay.
In whatever thing, we need to be wise. if we can use that gift

National Exam in Pros and Cons


National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions. Though the Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by the go-vernment on the organization of the national exams, the controversy over whether it is necessary to maintain the national exams (UN) has continued. Some debates include the primary questions such as; does the quality of Indonesia education depend on the national exam?, will the quality of the Indonesian education system worsen without natipnal exam?

People, who support the national exam explain that the quality of the Indonesia education system will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the current system.

Hoever there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who against this national exam kept in our high school education say that it doesn't need the national exams because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.

In fact, the national examination can still be useful as an instrument to evaluate or detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several subjects, on a national scale.


The advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning

A few years ago, distance learning was seen as an inferior way but nowadays even famous and established traditional colleges and universities are providing distance learning courses and it is generally considered a way to improve one's life.
However, people still argue whether distance learning give more advantage or disadvantage. Some of them who see the benefit of distance learning will say that distance learning needs no commuting. Of course it saves money and time that students would take. Furthermore, distance learning can be done at any student’s convenience. Mostly of the classes of distance learning are asynchronous. It means that students do not have to attend a lecture at a fixed particular time and place. Students can review the assignments and do their homework during off-hours or from home. Additionally, distance learning gives more accessibility. No one can deny it. People with limited mobility may encounter the problem when they take traditional class. With the online class system, the problem is absent.
Despite the many advantages, the other people will see that distance learning is costly and needs complex technology. To attend online learning, student must have a computer with possibly access to the internet. Admitted or not, such technology devices are not always available for common students. Another disadvantage of distance learning is that it does not provide immediate feedback. Unlikely traditional classroom, students have to wait for the feedback and comment until the instructor has review the works and sent response to them. Most of the time students will study alone. Distance learners may feel isolated or miss that social physical interaction that comes with attending a traditional classroom
Regarding the individual’s learning style, some students are able to learn when there is a live interaction between them and the available of accompanying teacher while others don’t really need it. So before deciding a choice of attending distance learning or not, each student needs to do a fair analysis regarding the kind of person he/she is.

"Hunting Fox"


Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe that it is cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.


Generic Structure Analysis
Stating the issue; hunting fox.
Supporting point; farmers and conservationists agree to hunt fox because they attack livestok.
Contrastive point; many people disagree hunting fox with dog because it is cruel.
Recommendation; Do not be cruel in hunting fox just control it in safe way.
Language Feature Analysis
Introducing category participant; farmer, conservationists.
Using thinking verb; believe.
Using connectives;
Using modalities; must, always


The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
  • It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
  • It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
  • It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
  • It produces small amount of waste.
  • It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Note on the Generic Structure of Discussion Text
Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and recommendation.
This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the advantage and disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which need to be talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in the generic structure which is used:
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world's energy needed
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should concern in the

Jenis-Jenis English Text

Narative
Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

RECOUNT
Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives
Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling something in the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in biography.
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount applies series of event as the basic structure

DESCRIPTIVE
Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.

Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description

Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms


REPORT
Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is.

Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description

Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense

EXPLANATION
Purpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case

Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done

Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation

Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition. In simple word. Analytical is the answer of "How is/will" while hortatory is the answer of "How should". Analytical exposition will be best to describe "How will student do for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question" How should student do for his exam?" will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done

PROCEDURE
Purpose: to help readers how to do or make something completely

Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms

DISCUSSION
Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
Generic Structure:
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner

REVIEW
Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience

dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation

Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor

ANECDOTE
Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident

Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions

SPOOF
Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

NEWS ITEM
Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources

Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

Explanation respiratory

The Human Respiratory System
The Pathway
• Air enters the nostrils
• passes through the nasopharynx,
• the oral pharynx
• through the glottis
• into the trachea
• into the right and left bronchi, which branches and rebranches into
• bronchioles, each of which terminates in a cluster of
• alveoli
Only in the alveoli does actual gas exchange takes place. There are some 300 million alveoli in two adult lungs. These provide a surface area of some 160 m2 (almost equal to the singles area of a tennis court and 80 times the area of our skin!).
Breathing
In mammals, the diaphragm divides the body cavity into the
• abdominal cavity, which contains the viscera (e.g., stomach and intestines) and the
• thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs.
The inner surface of the thoracic cavity and the outer surface of the lungs are lined with pleural membranes which adhere to each other. If air is introduced between them, the adhesion is broken and the natural elasticity of the lung causes it to collapse. This can occur from trauma. And it is sometimes induced deliberately to allow the lung to rest. In either case, reinflation occurs as the air is gradually absorbed by the tissues.
Because of this adhesion, any action that increases the volume of the thoracic cavity causes the lungs to expand, drawing air into them.
• During inspiration (inhaling),
o The external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs up and out.
o The diaphragm contracts, drawing it down .
• During expiration (exhaling), these processes are reversed and the natural elasticity of the lungs returns them to their normal volume. At rest, we breath 15–18 times a minute exchanging about 500 ml of air.
• In more vigorous expiration,
o The internal intercostal muscles draw the ribs down and inward
o The wall of the abdomen contracts pushing the stomach and liver upward.
Under these conditions, an average adult male can flush his lungs with about 4 liters of air at each breath. This is called the vital capacity. Even with maximum expiration, about 1200 ml of residual air remain.
The table shows what happens to the composition of air when it reaches the alveoli. Some of the oxygen dissolves in the film of moisture covering the epithelium of the alveoli. From here it diffuses into the blood in a nearby capillary. It enters a red blood cell and combines with the hemoglobin therein.
At the same time, some of the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses into the alveoli from which it can be exhaled.







The ease with which oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass between air and blood is clear from this electron micrograph of two alveoli (Air) and an adjacent capillary from the lung of a laboratory mouse. Note the thinness of the epithelial cells (EP) that line the alveoli and capillary (except where the nucleus is located). At the closest point, the surface of the red blood cell is only 0.7 µm away from the air in the alveolus. (Reproduced with permission from Keith R. Porter and Mary A. Bonneville, An Introduction to the Fine Structure of Cells and Tissues, 4th. ed., Lea & Febiger, 1973.)

Recount going to bromo

Have you ever been to the mountains? The air of the mountain is so fresh.
One of the famous mountains in Indonesia is Mount Bromo.


Dear Anita,

Hi! How are you Anita? I hope everything is all right. I’ll tell you my last holiday.
Last week I went to east Java for holiday. On the first day I went to Mount Bromo. I stayed at my uncle’s house at Cemara Lawang, Probolinggo. It has a big garden with lots of colorful flowers and a fish pond.
The next day my aunt, my uncle and I saw Gunung Batok and went on scenic ride on horse back. It was scary. Then we went to get a closer look at the mountain. We took a picture of beautiful sceneries there.
On the last day we went to the zoo at Wonokromo. We saw cockatoos having shower. In the afternoon we went home. It was fun.

Love.
(Reni)

Description and Explanation

COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Indonesia is an independent republic consisting of more than 17,500 islands spread over 3,400 miles along the Equator. The main islands are Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi (Celebes), Papua, Halmahera, and Seram. The capital city of Jakarta lies in the lowlands of West Java, the most populated island. The country has approximately 246,000,000 people and more than 300 ethnic groups.
Indonesia's geographic location and topography make the country prone to natural disasters, especially seismic upheaval due to its location on the "Ring of Fire", an arc of volcanoes and fault lines encircling the Pacific Basin. Indonesia is a developing country with a growing economy and severe infrastructure shortcomings. Half of the population lives on under U.S. $2 per day. However, it has many tourist destinations associated with the country's cultural diversity and natural resources. To have a safe and pleasant stay in Indonesia, U.S. travelers and residents must be aware of their surroundings, take personal responsibility for their wellbeing and be prepared to care for themselves in an emergency. Read the Department of State Background Notes on Indonesia for additional information.

RESPIRATORY
How does a Bird's Lungs Work?
By: Petey & Petunia
Birds have extremely delicate respiratory systems. Whatever
a bird breathes is circulated through the bird's body.
The lungs in birds operate quite differently than those in humans
and other animals.
Birds have two relatively small lungs and in the lungs are bellows-like
air sacs. These air sacs keep the lungs perpetually inflated.
Bird lungs have an opening on each end through which air flows
into the interconnected air sacs in the neck, chest, and
abdomen. Most birds have four paired air sacs, plus a single
unpaired sac for a total of nine. Some of the air sacs also
enter into bones.
Birds require two complete inspirations and two complete
expirations to circulate air through their respiratory tracts.
Humans, by comparison, require one inhalation and one exhalation.
There is a one way flow of air in their lungs...thus the lungs receive
fresh air during inhalation and again during exhalation
In the bird's respiratory system, air first flows through air sacs
that direct fresh, oxygenated air into the lungs where gas
exchange occurs, both when the bird inhales and when it exhales.

BUDIDAYA LELE

I. Pendahuluan.
Lele merupakan jenis ikan yang digemari masyarakat, dengan rasa yang lezat, daging empuk, duri teratur dan dapat disajikan dalam berbagai macam menu masakan. PT. NATURAL NUSANTARA dengan prinsip K-3 (Kuantitas, Kualitas dan Kesehatan) membantu petani lele dengan paket produk dan teknologi.

II. Pembenihan Lele.
Adalah budidaya lele untuk menghasilkan benih sampai berukuran tertentu dengan cara mengawinkan induk jantan dan betina pada kolam-kolam khusus pemijahan. Pembenihan lele mempunyai prospek yang bagus dengan tingginya konsumsi lele serta banyaknya usaha pembesaran lele.

III. Sistem Budidaya.
Terdapat 3 sistem pembenihan yang dikenal, yaitu :
1. Sistem Massal. Dilakukan dengan menempatkan lele jantan dan betina dalam satu kolam dengan perbandingan tertentu. Pada sistem ini induk jantan secara leluasa mencari pasangannya untuk diajak kawin dalam sarang pemijahan, sehingga sangat tergantung pada keaktifan induk jantan mencari pasangannya.
2. Sistem Pasangan. Dilakukan dengan menempatkan induk jantan dan betina pada satu kolam khusus. Keberhasilannya ditentukan oleh ketepatan menentukan pasangan yang cocok antara kedua induk.
3. Pembenihan Sistem Suntik (Hyphofisasi).
Dilakukan dengan merangsang lele untuk memijah atau terjadi ovulasi dengan suntikan ekstrak kelenjar Hyphofise, yang terdapat di sebelah bawah otak besar. Untuk keperluan ini harus ada ikan sebagai donor kelenjar Hyphofise yang juga harus dari jenis lele.



IV. Tahap Proses Budidaya.
A. Pembuatan Kolam.
Ada dua macam/tipe kolam, yaitu bak dan kubangan (kolam galian). Pemilihan tipe kolam tersebut sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan lahan yang tersedia. Secara teknis baik pada tipe bak maupun tipe galian, pembenihan lele harus mempunyai :
Kolam tandon. Mendapatkan masukan air langsung dari luar/sumber air. Berfungsi untuk pengendapan lumpur, persediaan air, dan penumbuhan plankton. Kolam tandon ini merupakan sumber air untuk kolam yang lain.
Kolam pemeliharaan induk. Induk jantan dan bertina selama masa pematangan telur dipelihara pada kolam tersendiri yang sekaligus sebagai tempat pematangan sel telur dan sel sperma.
Kolam Pemijahan. Tempat perkawinan induk jantan dan betina. Pada kolam ini harus tersedia sarang pemijahan dari ijuk, batu bata, bambu dan lain-lain sebagai tempat hubungan induk jantan dan betina.
Kolam Pendederan. Berfungsi untuk membesarkan anakan yang telah menetas dan telah berumur 3-4 hari. Pemindahan dilakukan pada umur tersebut karena anakan mulai memerlukan pakan, yang sebelumnya masih menggunakan cadangan kuning telur induk dalam saluran pencernaannya.

B. Pemilihan Induk
Induk jantan mempunyai tanda :
- tulang kepala berbentuk pipih
- warna lebih gelap
- gerakannya lebih lincah
- perut ramping tidak terlihat lebih besar daripada punggung
- alat kelaminnya berbentuk runcing.
Induk betina bertanda :
- tulang kepala berbentuk cembung
- warna badan lebih cerah
- gerakan lamban
- perut mengembang lebih besar daripada punggung alat kelamin berbentuk bulat.

C. Persiapan Lahan.
Proses pengolahan lahan (pada kolam tanah) meliputi :
- Pengeringan. Untuk membersihkan kolam dan mematikan berbagai bibit penyakit.
- Pengapuran. Dilakukan dengan kapur Dolomit atau Zeolit dosis 60 gr/m2 untuk mengembalikan keasaman tanah dan mematikan bibit penyakit yang tidak mati oleh pengeringan.
- Perlakuan TON (Tambak Organik Nusantara). untuk menetralkan berbagai racun dan gas berbahaya hasil pembusukan bahan organik sisa budidaya sebelumnya dengan dosis 5 botol TON/ha atau 25 gr (2 sendok makan)/100m2. Penambahan pupuk kandang juga dapat dilakukan untuk menambah kesuburan lahan.
- Pemasukan Air. Dilakukan secara bertahap, mula-mula setinggi 30 cm dan dibiarkan selama 3-4 hari untuk menumbuhkan plankton sebagai pakan alami lele.
Pada tipe kolam berupa bak, persiapan kolam yang dapat dilakukan adalah :
- Pembersihan bak dari kotoran/sisa pembenihan sebelumnya.
- Penjemuran bak agar kering dan bibit penyakit mati. Pemasukan air fapat langsung penuh dan segera diberi perlakuan TON dengan dosis sama

D. Pemijahan.
Pemijahan adalah proses pertemuan induk jantan dan betina untuk mengeluarkan sel telur dan sel sperma. Tanda induk jantan siap kawin yaitu alat kelamin berwarna merah. Induk betina tandanya sel telur berwarna kuning (jika belum matang berwarna hijau). Sel telur yang telah dibuahi menempel pada sarang dan dalam waktu 24 jam akan menetas menjadi anakan lele.

E. Pemindahan.
Cara pemindahan :
- kurangi air di sarang pemijahan sampai tinggi air 10-20 cm.
- siapkan tempat penampungan dengan baskom atau ember yang diisi dengan air di sarang.
- samakan suhu pada kedua kolam
- pindahkan benih dari sarang ke wadah penampungan dengan cawan atau piring.
- pindahkan benih dari penampungan ke kolam pendederan dengan hati-hati pada malam hari, karena masih rentan terhadap tingginya suhu air.

F. Pendederan.
Adalah pembesaran hingga berukuran siap jual, yaitu 5 - 7 cm, 7 - 9 cm dan 9 - 12 cm dengan harga berbeda. Kolam pendederan permukaannya diberi pelindung berupa enceng gondok atau penutup dari plastik untuk menghindari naiknya suhu air yang menyebabkan lele mudah stress. Pemberian pakan mulai dilakukan sejak anakan lele dipindahkan ke kolam pendederan ini.

V. Manajemen Pakan.
Pakan anakan lele berupa :
- pakan alami berupa plankton, jentik-jentik, kutu air dan cacing kecil (paling baik) dikonsumsi pada umur di bawah 3 - 4 hari.
- Pakan buatan untuk umur diatas 3 - 4 hari. Kandungan nutrisi harus tinggi, terutama kadar proteinnya.
- Untuk menambah nutrisi pakan, setiap pemberian pakan buatan dicampur dengan POC NASA dengan dosis 1 - 2 cc/kg pakan (dicampur air secukupnya), untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tubuh karena mengandung berbagai unsur mineral penting, protein dan vitamin dalam jumlah yang optimal.

VI. Manajemen Air.
Ukuran kualitas air dapat dinilai secara fisik :
- air harus bersih
- berwarna hijau cerah
- kecerahan/transparansi sedang (30 - 40 cm).

Ukuran kualitas air secara kimia :
- bebas senyawa beracun seperti amoniak
- mempunyai suhu optimal (22 - 26 0C).

Untuk menjaga kualitas air agar selalu dalam keadaan yang optimal, pemberian pupuk TON sangat diperlukan. TON yang mengandung unsur-unsur mineral penting, lemak, protein, karbohidrat dan asam humat mampu menumbuhkan dan menyuburkan pakan alami yang berupa plankton dan jenis cacing-cacingan, menetralkan senyawa beracun dan menciptakan ekosistem kolam yang seimbang. Perlakuan TON dilakukan pada saat oleh lahan dengan cara dilarutkan dan di siramkan pada permukaan tanah kolam serta pada waktu pemasukan air baru atau sekurang-kurangnya setiap 10 hari sekali. Dosis pemakaian TON adalah 25 g/100m2.

VI. Manajemen Kesehatan.
Pada dasarnya, anakan lele yang dipelihara tidak akan sakit jika mempunyai ketahanan tubuh yang tinggi. Anakan lele menjadi sakit lebih banyak disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan (air) yang jelek. Kondisi air yang jelek sangat mendorong tumbuhnya berbagai bibit penyakit baik yang berupa protozoa, jamur, bakteri dan lain-lain. Maka dalam menejemen kesehatan pembenihan lele, yang lebih penting dilakukan adalah penjagaan kondisi air dan pemberian nutrisi yang tinggi. Dalam kedua hal itulah, peranan TON dan POC NASA sangat besar. Namun apabila anakan lele terlanjur terserang penyakit, dianjurkan untuk melakukan pengobatan yang sesuai. Penyakit-penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi protozoa, bakteri dan jamur dapat diobati dengan formalin, larutan PK (Kalium Permanganat) atau garam dapur. Penggunaan obat tersebut haruslah hati-hati dan dosis yang digunakan juga harus sesuai.

BUDIDAYA MELON

PENDAHULUAN

Agribisnis melon menunjukkan prospek menjanjikan. Tetapi jika faktor tanah yang semakin keras, miskin unsur hara terutama unsur hara mikro dan hormon alami, faktor iklim dan cuaca, faktor hama dan penyakit tanaman serta faktor pemeliharaan tidak diperhatikan maka keuntungan akan menurun.
PT. Natural Nusantara berusaha membantu meningkatkan produktivitas melon secara Kuantitas, Kualitas, dan Kelestarian lingkungan ( Aspek K-3 ).

II. SYARAT PERTUMBUHAN
2.1. Iklim
Perlu penyinaran matahari penuh selama pertumbuhannya. Pada kelembaban yang tinggi tanaman melon mudah diserang penyakit. Suhu optimal antara 25-300C. Angin yang bertiup cukup keras dapat merusak pertanaman melon. Hujan terus menerus akan merugikan tanaman melon. Tumbuh baik pada ketinggian 300-900 m dpl.

2.2. Media Tanam
Tanah yang baik ialah tanah liat berpasir yang banyak mengandung bahan organik seperti andosol, latosol, regosol, dan grumosol, asalkan kekurangan dari sifat-sifat tanah tersebut dapat dimanipulasi dengan pengapuran, penambahan bahan organik, maupun pemupukan. Tanaman melon tidak menyukai tanah yang terlalu basah, pH tanah 5,8-7,2.

III. PEDOMAN TEKNIS BUDIDAYA
3.1. Pembibitan
3.1.1. Pembuatan Media Semai
Siapkan Natural GLIO : 1-2 kemasan Natural GLIO dicampur dengan 50-100 kg pupuk kandang untuk lahan 1000 m2. Selanjutnya didiamkan + 1 minggu di tempat yang teduh dengan selalu menjaga kelembabannya dan sesekali diaduk (dibalik).
Campurkan tanah halus (diayak) 2 bagian/2 ember (volume 10 lt), pupuk kandang matang yang telah diayak halus sebanyak 1 bagian/1 ember, TSP (± 50 gr) yang dilarutkan dalam 2 tutup POC NASA, dan Natural GLIO yang sudah dikembangbiakkan dalam pupuk kandang 1-2 kg . Masukkan media semai ke dalam polybag ukuran 8x10 cm sampai terisi hingga 90%.

3.1.2. Teknik Penyemaian dan pemeliharaan Bibit
Rendam benih dalam 1 liter air hangat suhu 20-250C + 1 tutup POC NASA selama 8-12 jam lalu diperam + 48 jam. Selanjutnya disemai dalam polybag, sedalam 1-1,5 cm. Benih disemaikan dalam posisi tegak dan ujung calon akarnya menghadap ke bawah. Benih ditutup dengan campuran abu sekam dan tanah dengan perbandingan 2:1. Kantong persemaian diletakkan berderet agar terkena sinar matahari penuh sejak terbit hingga tenggelam. Diberi perlindungan plastik transparan yang salah satu ujungnya terbuka.
Semprotkan POC NASA untuk memacu perkembangan bibit, pada umur bibit 7-9 hari dengan dosis 1,0-1,5 cc/liter. Penyiraman dilakukan dengan hati-hati secara rutin setiap pagi.
Bibit melon yang sudah berdaun 4-5 helai atau tanaman melon telah berusia 10-12 hari dapat dipindahtanamkan dengan cara kantong plastik polibag dibuka hati-hati lalu bibit berikut tanahnya ditanam pada bedengan yang sudah dilubangi sebelumnya, bedengan jangan sampai kekurangan air.

3.2. Pengolahan Media Tanam
3.2.1. Pembukaan Lahan
Sebelum dibajak digenangi air lebih dahulu semalam, kemudian keesokan harinya dilakukan pembajakan dengan kedalaman sekitar 30 cm. Setelah itu dilakukan pengeringan, baru dihaluskan.

3.2.2. Pembentukan Bedengan
Panjang bedengan maksimum 12-15 m; tinggi bedengan 30-50 cm; lebar bedengan 100-110 cm; dan lebar parit 55-65 cm.

3.2.3. Pengapuran
Penggunaan kapur per 1000 m2 pada pH tanah 4-5 diperlukan 150-200 kg dolomit , untuk antara pH 5-6 dibutuhkan 75-150 kg dolomit dan pH >6 dibutuhkan dolomit sebanyak 50 kg.

3.2.4. Pemupukan Dasar

Pupuk
Kandang
(ton/ ha)
Dosis Pupuk Makro
( gram/ pohon )
Dosis POC NASA

Urea
SP36
KCl

4-5
12
20
8
30-60 tutup /1000 m2
+ air secukupnya (siramkan)


Hasil akan lebih baik jika pada pemupukan dasar, POC NASA diganti SUPER NASA yang telah dicampur air secara merata di atas bedengan dengan dosis 1-2 botol/1000 m2 dengan cara :
Alternatif 1 : 1 botol SUPER NASA diencerkan dalam 3 liter air dijadikan larutan induk. Kemudian setiap 50 lt air diberi 200 cc larutan induk tadi untuk menyiram bedengan.
Alternatif 2 : setiap 1 gembor vol 10 lt diberi 1 peres sendok makan SUPER NASA untuk menyiram + 10 meter bedengan.

3.2.5. Pemberian Natural GLIO
Untuk mencegah serangan penyakit karena jamur terutama penyakit layu, sebaiknya tebarkan Natural GLIO yang sudah disiapkan sebelum persemaian. Dosis 1-2 kemasan per 1000 m2

3.2.6. Pemasangan Mulsa Plastik Hitam-Perak (PHP)
Pemasangan mulsa sebaiknya saat matahari terik agar mulsa dapat memuai sehingga menutup bedengan dengan tepat. Biarkan bedengan tertutup mulsa 3-5 hari sebelum dibuat lubang tanam.

3.3. Teknik Penanaman
3.3.1. Pembuatan Lubang Tanam
Diameter lubang + 10 cm, jarak lubang 60-80 cm. Model penanaman dapat berupa dua baris berhadap-hadapan membentuk segiempat atau segitiga.

3.3.2. Cara Penanaman
Bibit siap tanam dipindahkan beserta medianya. Usahakan akar tanaman tidak sampai rusak saat menyobek polibag.

3.4. Pemeliharaan Tanaman
3.4.1. Penyulaman
Penyulaman dilakukan 3-5 hari setelah tanam. Setelah selesai penyulaman tanaman baru harus disiram air. Sebaiknya penyulaman dilakukan sore hari
3.4.2. Penyiangan
Penyiangan dilakukan untuk membersihkan gulma/ rumput liar.
3.4.3. Perempelan>
Perempelan dilakukan terhadap tunas/cabang air yang bukan merupakan cabang utama.
3.4.4. Pemupukan
Waktu
Dosis Pupuk Makro ( gram/ pohon )

Urea
SP-36
KCl

Umur 10 hari
12
12
10

Umur 20 hari
12
12
10

Umur 30 hari
12
8
12

Umur 40 hari
12
8
20

POC NASA :
( per ha )
Mulai umur 1 minggu – 6 atau 7 minggu
POC NASA disemprotkan ke tanaman :
Alternatif 1 : 6-7 kali ( interval 1 minggu sekali) dgn dosis 4 tutup botol/ tangki
Alternatif 2 : 4 kali (interval 2 minggu sekali ) dgn dosis 6 tutup botol/ tangki


3.4.5. Penggunaan Hormonik
Dosis HORMONIK : 1-2 cc/lt air atau 1-2 tutup HORMONIK + 3-5 tutup POC NASA setiap tangki semprot. Penyemprotan HORMONIK mulai usia 3-11 minggu, interval 7 hari sekali.

3.4.6. Penyiraman
Penyiraman sejak masa pertumbuhan tanaman, sampai akan dipetik buahnya kecuali hujan. Saat menyiram jangan sampai air siraman membasahi daun dan air dari tanah jangan terkena daun dan buahnya. Penyiraman dilakukan pagi-pagi sekali.

3.4.7. Pemeliharaan Lain
a. Pemasangan Ajir
Ajir dipasang sesudah bibit mengeluarkan sulur-sulurnya. Tinggi ajir + 150 - 200 cm. Ajir terbuat dari bahan yang kuat sehingga mampu menahan beban buah + 2-3 kg. Tempat ditancapkannya ajir + 25 cm dari pinggir guludan baik kanan maupun kiri. Supaya ajir lebih kokoh bisa menambahkan bambu panjang yang diletakkan di bagian pucuk segitiga antara bambu atau kayu yang menyilang, mengikuti barisan ajir-ajir di belakangnya.
b. Pemangkasan
Pemangkasan dilakukan pada tanaman melon bertujuan untuk memelihara cabang sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki. Tinggi tanaman dibuat rata-rata antara titik ke-20 sampai ke-25 (bagian ruas, cabang atau buku dari tanaman tersebut). Pemangkasan dilakukan kalau udara cerah dan kering, supaya bekas luka tidak diserang jamur. Waktu pemangkasan dilakukan setiap 10 hari sekali, yang paling awal dipangkas adalah cabang yang dekat dengan tanah dan sisakan dua helai daun, kemudian cabang-cabang yang tumbuh dipangkas dengan menyisakan 2 helai daun. Pemangkasan dihentikan, jika ketinggian tanamannya sudah mencapai pada cabang ke-20 atau 25.

3.5. Hama dan Penyakit
3.5.1. Hama
a. Kutu Aphis (Aphis gossypii Glover )
Ciri: mempunyai getah cairan yang mengandung madu dan di lihat dari kejauhan mengkilap. Aphis muda berwarna kuning, sedangkan yang dewasa mempunyai sayap dan berwarna agak kehitaman. Gejala: daun tanaman menggulung, pucuk tanaman menjadi kering akibat cairan daun dihisap hama. Pengendalian: (1) gulma selalu dibersihkan agar tidak menjadi inang hama; (2) semprot Pestona atau Natural BVR.

b. Thrips (Thrips parvispinus Karny)
Ciri: menyerang saat fase pembibitan sampai tanaman dewasa. Nimfa berwarna kekuning-kuningan dan dewasa berwarna coklat kehitaman. Serangan dilakukan di musim kemarau. Gejala: daun muda atau tunas baru menjadi keriting, dan bercak kekuningan; tanaman keriting dan kerdil serta tidak dapat membentuk buah secara normal. Gejala ini harus diwaspadai karena telah tertular virus yang dibawa hama thrips. Pengendalian: menyemprot dengan Pestona atau Natural BVR.

3.5.2. Penyakit
a. Layu Bakteri
Penyebab: bakteri Erwina tracheiphila E.F.Sm. Penyakit ini dapat disebarkan dengan perantara kumbang daun oteng-oteng (Aulacophora femoralis Motschulsky). Gejala: daun dan cabang layu, terjadi pengerutan pada daun, warna daun menguning, mengering dan akhirnya mati; daun tanaman layu satu per satu, meskipun warnanya tetap hijau. Apabila batang tanaman yang dipotong melintang akan mengeluarkan lendir putih kental dan lengket bahkan dapat ditarik seperti benang. Pengendalian: penggunaan Natural GLIO sebelum tanam.

b. Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (gummy stem bligt)
Penyebab: Cendawan Mycophaerekka melonis (Passerini) Chiu et Walker. Gejala: pangkal batang seperti tercelup minyak kemudian keluar lendir berwarna merah coklat dan kemudian tanaman layu dan mati; daun yang terserang akan mengering. Pengendalian: (1) penggunaan mulsa PHP untuk mencegah kelembaban di sekitar pangkal batang dan mencegah luka di perakaran maupun pangkal batang karena penyiangan; (2) daun yang terserang dibersihkan. (3) gunakan Natural GLIO sebelum tanam sebagai pencegahan.

Catatan: Jika pengendalian hama penyakit dengan menggunakan pestisida alami belum mengatasi dapat dipergunakan pestisida kimia yang dianjurkan. Agar penyemprotan pestisida kimia lebih merata dan tidak mudah hilang oleh air hujan tambahkan Perekat Perata AERO 810, dosis + 5 ml (1/2 tutup)/tangki.

3.5.3. Gulma
Gulma (tumbuhan pengganggu) merugikan tanaman, karena bersaing zat hara, tempat tumbuh dan cahaya. Pencabutan gulma harus dilakukan sejak tumbuhan masih kecil, karena jika sudah besar akan merusak perakaran tanaman melon.

3.6. Panen
3.6.1. Ciri dan Umur Panen
a. Tanda/Ciri Penampilan Tanaman Siap Panen
1. Ukuran buah sesuai dengan ukuran normal
2. Jala/Net pada kulit buah sangat nyata/kasar
3. Warna kulit hijau kekuningan.
b. Umur Panen + 3 bulan setelah tanam.
c. Waktu Pemanenan yang baik adalah pada pagi hari.

3.6.2. Cara Panen
a. Potong tangkai buah melon dengan pisau, sisakan minimal 2,0 cm untuk memperpanjang masa simpan buah.
b. Tangkai dipotong berbentuk huruf "T" , maksudnya agar tangkai buah utuh.
c. Pemanenan dilakukan secara bertahap, dengan mengutamakan buah yang benar-benar telah siap dipanen.
d. Buah yang telah dipanen disortir. Kerusakan buah akibat terbentur/cacat fisik lainnya, sebaiknya dihindari karena akan mengurangi harga jual.

3.6.3. Penyimpanan
Buah melon tidak boleh ditumpuk, yang belum terangkut disimpan dalam gudang. Buah ditata rapi dengan dilapisi jerami kering. Tempat penyimpanan harus bersih dan kering.